Я удалил двоичный файл python и не могу восстановить с помощью apt-get, что я могу сделать?

Что ж. Ага. Хотелось начать с нуля, потому что у меня были проблемы с зависимостями, поэтому я запустил «whereis python» и буквально стер все файлы и каталоги, которые появились. Затем, когда я запускаю apt-get install python, я, конечно, получаю много ошибок. Есть ли способ переустановить Python на Ubuntu, не делая чистые вайпы?

Вот результат попытки установить двоичный файл Python:

root@ubuntu14-server:/home/kpoole# apt-get install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libexpat1-dev libpython-dev libpython2.7-dev
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
15 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up python-chardet (2.0.1-2build2) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-chardet.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-chardet.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-chardet (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Setting up python-colorama (0.2.5-0.1ubuntu1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-colorama.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-colorama.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-colorama (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Setting up python-distlib (0.1.8-1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-distlib.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-distlib.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-distlib (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Setting up python-django (1.6.1-2ubuntu0.5) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-django.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-django.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-django (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-django-tables2:
python-django-tables2 depends on python-django (>= 1.4.5); however:
Package python-django is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-django-tables2 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up python-six (1.5.2-1) ...
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-six.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-six.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-six (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-html5lib:
python-html5lib depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-html5lib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              Setting up python-lxml (3.3.3-1ubuntu0.1) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-lxml.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-lxml.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-lxml (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              Setting up python-minimal (2.7.5-5ubuntu3) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: python2.7: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-minimal (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Setting up python-pkg-resources (3.3-1ubuntu1) ...
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-pkg-resources.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-pkg-resources.postinst: pycompile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-pkg-resources (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-setuptools:
python-setuptools depends on python-pkg-resources (= 3.3-1ubuntu1); however:
Package python-pkg-resources is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-setuptools (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-urllib3:
python-urllib3 depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-urllib3 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-requests:
python-requests depends on python-chardet; however:
Package python-chardet is not configured yet.
python-requests depends on python-urllib3 (>= 1.7.1); however:
Package python-urllib3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-requests (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-pip:
python-pip depends on python-colorama; however:
Package python-colorama is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-distlib; however:
Package python-distlib is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-html5lib; however:
Package python-html5lib is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-pkg-resources; however:
Package python-pkg-resources is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-setuptools (>= 0.6c1); however:
Package python-setuptools is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-requests; however:
Package python-requests is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-pip (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-virtualenv:
python-virtualenv depends on python-pkg-resources; however:
Package python-pkg-resources is not configured yet.
python-virtualenv depends on python-setuptools; however:
Package python-setuptools is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-virtualenv (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
python-chardet
python-colorama
python-distlib
python-django
python-django-tables2
python-six
python-html5lib
python-lxml
python-minimal
python-pkg-resources
python-setuptools
python-urllib3
python-requests
python-pip
python-virtualenv
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

После прохождения маршрута, предложенного Ike:

root@ubuntu14-server:/home/kpoole# apt-get install --reinstall python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
python : Depends: python2.7 (>= 2.7.5-1~) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
root@ubuntu14-server:/home/kpoole# apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libexpat1-dev libpython-dev libpython2.7-dev
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
python python2.7
Suggested packages:
python-doc python-tk python2.7-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python python2.7
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
14 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/330 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,042 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Selecting previously unselected package python2.7.
(Reading database ... 73738 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7_2.7.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7 (2.7.6-8) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python.
Preparing to unpack .../python_2.7.5-5ubuntu3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python (2.7.5-5ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1) ...
Setting up python-minimal (2.7.5-5ubuntu3) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: python2.7: not found
dpkg: error processing package python-minimal (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Setting up python2.7 (2.7.6-8) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7.postinst: 9: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python2.7.postinst: python2.7: not found
dpkg: error processing package python2.7 (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python:
python depends on python2.7 (>= 2.7.5-1~); however:
Package python2.7 is not configured yet.
python depends on python-minimal (= 2.7.5-5ubuntu3); however:
Package python-minimal is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-chardet:
python-chardet depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-chardet depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-chardet depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-chardet (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-colorama:
python-colorama depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-coNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
        No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                    lorama depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-colorama depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-colorama (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-distlib:
python-distlib depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-distlib depends on python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-distlib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-django:
python-django depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-django depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-django depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package pythNo apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
on is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-django (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-django-tables2:
python-django-tables2 depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-django-tables2 depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-django-tables2 depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-django-tables2 depends on python-django (>= 1.4.5); however:
Package python-django is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-django-tables2 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-six:
python-six depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-six depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-six depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-six (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-html5lib:
python-html5lib depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-html5lib depends on python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-html5lib depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-html5lib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-lxml:
python-lxml depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-lxml depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-lxml depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-lxml (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-pkg-resources:
python-pkg-resources depends on python:any (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-pkg-resources depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-pkg-resources (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-setuptools:
python-setuptools depends on python:any (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-setuptools depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-setuptools depends on python-pkg-resources (= 3.3-1ubuntu1); however:
Package python-pkg-resources is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-setuptools (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-urllib3:
python-urllib3 depends on python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-urllib3 depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-urllib3 depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-urllib3 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-requests:
python-requests depends on python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-requests depends on python:any (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-requests depends on python-chardet; however:
Package python-chardet is not configured yet.
python-requests depends on python-urllib3 (>= 1.7.1); however:
Package python-urllib3 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python-requests (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-pip:
python-pip depends on python (>= 2.7); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python (<< 2.8); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2); however:
Package python is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-colorama; however:
Package python-colorama is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-distlib; however:
Package python-distlib is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-html5lib; however:
Package python-html5lib is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-pkg-resources; however:
Package python-pkg-resources is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-setuptools (>= 0.6c1); however:
Package python-setuptools is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-six; however:
Package python-six is not configured yet.
python-pip depends on python-requests; however:
Package python-requests is not c
dpkg: error processing package python-pip (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
python-minimal
python2.7
python
python-chardet
python-colorama
python-distlib
python-django
python-django-tables2
python-six
python-html5lib
python-lxml
python-pkg-resources
python-setuptools
python-urllib3
python-requests
python-pip
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

В будущем не делай этого. Не удаляйте вручную (или иным образом не связывайтесь) с файлами, установленными с помощью инструментов управления пакетами (если они явно не настроены для этого, например, файлы конфигурации и т. Д.).

Тем не менее, если вы не можете (и, похоже, это может иметь место) использовать apt-getдля восстановления из этой ситуации, потому что есть части процесса, которые ожидают, что Python уже установлен, тогда у вас есть несколько вариантов (не все из которых будет обязательно работать).

Вы можете извлечь .debфайлы python (и связанные с ними) вручную и попытаться использовать их dpkgдля установки вручную (вам нужно будет вручную разрешить порядок зависимости, чтобы убедиться, что он работает правильно). Что-то вроде:

apt-get download python2.7-minimal ## at least this package is necessary
sudo touch /usr/bin/python2.7 && sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/python2.7
sudo dpkg --unpack python2.7-minimal*

Вы должны проверить другие отсутствующие двоичные файлы, например pycompile, и применить то же решение.

После этого рекомендуется проверить базу данных dpkg на наличие ненастроенных, полуконфигурированных и просто распакованных пакетов:

sudo dpkg --check

Прочитайте сообщения и примените исправления, но обычно этого требуют sudo dpkg --configure -a. Может sudo apt-get -f installпомочь в зависимости от ситуации.

Вы также можете использовать режим восстановления установочного носителя (или переустановку), чтобы исправить это.

Есть ли способ переустановить Python на Ubuntu, не делая чистые вайпы?

Да. Переустановите без форматирования.

Это также будет самый быстрый способ исправить это, поскольку у вас, вероятно, уже есть Live DVD.

Откройте терминал и введите следующие команды:

Первая попытка

sudo apt-get -f install 

Если это не сработает, попробуйте

sudo dpkg --configure -a 

Если у вас остались проблемы, запустите

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python python-chardet python-colorama python-distlib python-django python-django-tables2 python-six python-html5lib python-lxml python-minimal python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python-urllib3 python-requests python-pip python-virtualenv

В крайнем случае вам может потребоваться удалить эти пакеты с помощью следующей команды, а затем переустановить эти пакеты с помощью приведенной выше команды. Если это так, вам нужно будет обратить очень пристальное внимание. Там будет список пакетов, удаленных с помощью следующей команды. Вам нужно будет скопировать этот список и вставить его в Gedit. Открыв gedit и вставив список пакетов в gedit, нажмите ctrl+ hи введите \ n, а затем два пробела в «Поиск» и один пробел в «Заменить на», чтобы удалить все абзацы и лишние пробелы, прежде чем нажать «Заменить все», чтобы ваш список содержит список пакетов, разделенных только одним пробелом.

sudo apt-get purge python-chardet python-colorama python-distlib python-django python-django-tables2 python-six python-html5lib python-lxml python-minimal python-pkg-resources python-setuptools python-urllib3 python-requests python-pip python-virtualenv

Наконец, запустите: sudo apt-get installи вставьте в список пакетов из gedit, чтобы переустановить все.

Вы должны удалить каждый пакет, который вызывает у вас трудности, а затем переустановить их.

См. Https://askubuntu.com/a/32899/176376 для удаления без удаления зависимостей.

sudo dpkg -r --force-depends "package"

sudo apt-get install "package"

Вы должны сначала удалить все проблемные, а затем установить их снова.

Запустить sudo apt-get install -fи sudo dpkg --configure -aкаждые несколько команд.

Я вижу, у вас есть такие ошибки:

python2.7: not found

Это означает, что исполняемый файл Python 2.7 не может быть найден. Я использовал эти команды, чтобы найти пакет, содержащий его (однако, вероятно, он не будет работать на вашей сломанной системе)

$ which python2.7
/usr/bin/python2.7
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/python2.7
python2.7-minimal: /usr/bin/python2.7

Вам нужно переустановить его, но сначала вам нужно пройти через его зависимости. Используйте эти команды, чтобы перечислить их:

$ apt-cache depends python2.7-minimal
python2.7-minimal
  Depends: libpython2.7-minimal
  Depends: zlib1g
  PreDepends: libc6
  Suggests: binfmt-support
    binfmt-support:i386
  Recommends: python2.7
  Conflicts: binfmt-support
  Conflicts: binfmt-support:i386
  Replaces: python2.7
  Replaces: python2.7:i386
  Conflicts: python2.7-minimal:i386

Возможно, libpython2.7-minimal поврежден. Поэтому я рекомендую вам первый выпуск:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpython2.7-minimal

тогда:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7-minimal

а потом, надеюсь, ваш

sudo apt-get -f install

преуспеет.

Это ожидаемое поведение. Удаление файлов - это не то же самое, что удаление пакета или программы.

Вы удалили все связанные с Python вещи из вашей установки, но менеджер пакетов этого не знает. Когда вы снова приступите к установке Python, apt ожидает, что все эти файлы все еще будут там, и не будет пытаться повторно загрузить их. Что касается apt, весь python все еще установлен; Ты никогда не говорил это иначе.

Вы можете попробовать следующее, чтобы попытаться исправить это:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall python

В дальнейшем, удалять пакеты , используя apt-get removeили apt-get purgeили графически из Ubuntu Software Center.