Почему после свежего Ubuntu 12.04 установочное обновление не устанавливается?

Я установил Ubuntu 12.04 на компьютер. Все нормально без обновления. Сразу после установки показывалось около 200 МБ обновлений для загрузки. С тех пор я пытаюсь установить все обновления. Сейчас оно частично завершено, часть программного обеспечения (Firefox, VLC) обновлена. Тем не менее он показывает 39,3 МБ обновлений для загрузки и снова и снова терпит неудачу. Каждый раз, когда я пытался установить эти обновления 39,3 МБ, он показывает, что не может подключиться к Интернету, но с моим подключением проблем нет (индикатор сети показывает, что он подключен, и я могу просматривать и загружать что угодно). Это дает мне следующее сообщение:

Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-3.2.0-43-generic-pae_3.2.0-43.68_i386.deb Size mismatch
Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-3.2.0-43-generic-pae_3.2.0-43.68_i386.deb Size mismatch

Я думал, что это проблема со списком источников. Итак, я дал следующую команду

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*

Раньше я сталкивался с подобной проблемой с другим компьютером. В то время это решение работало для меня, но сейчас я все еще сталкиваюсь с этой проблемой. Кто-нибудь, пожалуйста, помогите мне решить эту проблему.

Обновить

Вот вывод sudo apt-get update

Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg                                    
Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg                           
Get:1 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [72 B]                      
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release                                        
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg                           
Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise Release                     
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages                             
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release                                   
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex                          
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B]
Hit http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages                 
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources                              
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg                 
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex              
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages                        
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg                  
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex                     
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release                               
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US                         
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB]           
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en                            
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB]           
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US             
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en                
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release                     
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security Release                      
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US                    
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources                          
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en                       
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Sources                    
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Sources                      
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Sources                    
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages                    
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages              
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages                
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages              
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex                 
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex           
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources [383 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources [383 kB]       
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Sources [5,467 B]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [87.1 kB]  
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [87.1 kB]  
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [87.1 kB] 
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Sources [6,582 B]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [625 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [10.0 kB]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [203 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [13.8 kB]
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [13.8 kB]
100% [16 Packages bzip2 0 B] [Connecting to us.archive.ubuntu.com (91.189.91.14
bzip2: Compressed file ends unexpectedly;
    perhaps it is corrupted?  *Possible* reason follows.
bzip2: Inappropriate ioctl for device
    Input file = (stdin), output file = (stdout)

It is possible that the compressed file(s) have become corrupted.
You can use the -tvv option to test integrity of such files.

You can use the `bzip2recover' program to attempt to recover
data from undamaged sections of corrupted files.

Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex         
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex   
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex   
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex     
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Sources                
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Sources          
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Sources
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en           
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en
Fetched 935 kB in 3min 39s (4,261 B/s)
W: Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages  Hash Sum mismatch

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

Моя проблема решена сейчас. Я выкладываю здесь решение шаг за шагом. Из вывода sudo apt-get updateя столкнулся со следующей проблемой:

W: Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages  Hash Sum mismatch

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

Чтобы решить эту проблему, я ввел следующие команды одну за другой.

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 

Тогда вывод был

audity@auditypc:~$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf
[sudo] password for audity: 
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.canonical.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_partner_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.canonical.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/archive.canonical.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_talkplugin_deb_dists_stable_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_talkplugin_deb_dists_stable_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_talkplugin_deb_dists_stable_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/lock'
rm: cannot remove `/var/lib/apt/lists/partial': Is a directory
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_main_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_main_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_multiverse_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_multiverse_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_restricted_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_restricted_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_universe_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-backports_universe_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_main_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_multiverse_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_multiverse_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_restricted_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_restricted_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_main_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_main_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_multiverse_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_multiverse_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_universe_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_universe_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_universe_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_main_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_multiverse_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_Release'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_Release.gpg'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_restricted_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_restricted_source_Sources'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_universe_i18n_Index'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed `/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-updates_universe_source_Sources'
audity@auditypc:~$ sudo apt-get clean
[sudo] password for audity: 
audity@auditypc:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
audity@auditypc:~$ sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg [198 B]                          
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [198 B]                 
Get:3 http://dl.google.com stable Release [1,347 B]                            
Get:4 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [72 B]                      
Get:5 http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg [198 B]                 
Get:6 http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages [763 B]                   
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B]         
Get:8 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release [11.9 kB]                       
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main TranslationIndex                          
Get:9 http://archive.canonical.com precise Release [7,078 B]                   
Get:10 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources [8,130 B]                 
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [198 B]      
Get:12 http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner i386 Packages [8,261 B]    
Get:13 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages [10.8 kB]           
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner TranslationIndex              
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B]       
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex                     
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB]                  
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en_US                         
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB]                  
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en                            
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB]          
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US                    
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en_US             
Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB]          
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en                       
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise/partner Translation-en                
Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB]        
Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB]        
Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release [49.6 kB]        
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release                     
E: GPG error: http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 2
audity@auditypc:~$

Теперь я столкнулся с ошибкой GPG. Чтобы решить эту проблему, я попробовал следующее

$ sudo -i
# apt-get clean
# cd /var/lib/apt
# mv lists lists.old
# mkdir -p lists/partial
# apt-get clean
# apt-get update
# exit

После этой команды. Я ввел последние команды.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Только что в некоторых новых установках 12.04.5 было несоответствие хэш-суммы списка пакетов в США. Более короткое решение, которое сработало для меня, по крайней мере:

# rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise_*
# rm /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise*
# aptitude update
... now worked ...