фильтр массива в Python?

Например, у меня есть два списка

 A           = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
subset_of_A  = [6, 9, 12]; # the subset of A


the result should be [7, 8, 10, 11]; the remaining elements 

Is there a built-in function in python to do this?

If the order is not important, you should use set.difference. However, if you want to retain order, a simple list comprehension is all it takes.

result = [a for a in A if a not in subset_of_A]

EDIT: As delnan says, performance will be substantially improved if subset_of_A is an actual set, since checking for membership in a set is O(1) as compared to O(n) for a list.

A = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
subset_of_A = set([6, 9, 12]) # the subset of A

result = [a for a in A if a not in subset_of_A]

Yes, the filter function:

filter(lambda x: x not in subset_of_A, A)

No, there is no build in function in python to do this, because simply:

set(A)- set(subset_of_A)

will provide you the answer.

set(A)-set(subset_of_A) gives your the intended result set, but it won't retain the original order. The following is order preserving:

[a for a in A if not a in subset_of_A]

tuple(set([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]).difference([6, 9, 12]))

How about

set(A).difference(subset_of_A)

This was just asked a couple of days ago (but I cannot find it):

>>> A = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
>>> subset_of_A = set([6, 9, 12])
>>> [i for i in A if i not in subset_of_A]
[7, 8, 10, 11]

It might be better to use sets from the beginning, depending on the context. Then you can use set operations like other answers show.

However, converting lists to sets and back only for these operations is slower than list comprehension.

Use the Set type:

A_set = Set([6,7,8,9,10,11,12])
subset_of_A_set = Set([6,9,12])

result = A_set - subset_of_A_set

>>> a = set([6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
>>> sub_a = set([6, 9, 12])
>>> a - sub_a
set([8, 10, 11, 7])

>>> A           = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
>>> subset_of_A  = [6, 9, 12];
>>> set(A) - set(subset_of_A)
set([8, 10, 11, 7])
>>>