Есть ли способ сохранить настройки Mac OS X в файл оболочки?

17

Всякий раз, когда я переустанавливаю свою Mac OS и / или покупаю новый Mac, мне приходится вручную настраивать практически все параметры мыши, док-станции и т. Д.

Я хотел бы знать, может ли Mac OS или какое-либо программное обеспечение каким-либо образом сохранить все конфигурации, которые я настроил с помощью приложения «Системные настройки», в файл оболочки, создавая что-то вроде https://github.com/mathiasbynens/ Матиаса Биненса. точечные файлы / BLOB / Master / .macos

— Энрико П. Варелла
источник

11

Системные настройки хранятся в разных местах, в зависимости от того, являются ли они пользовательскими или системными. Многие из них хранятся в или /Library/Preferences/или $HOME/Library/Preferences/(для пользовательских настроек). Но каждая панель настроек будет иметь свой собственный способ их хранения.

Вы можете увидеть, какие настройки хранятся таким образом, набрав:

defaults read <domain>

Где <domain>находится либо начало файла в настройках системы для каждого пользователя, либо полный путь к .plistфайлу. Например:

defaults read com.apple.screensaver
defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.screensaver

Первый будет отображать индивидуальные настройки заставки, а второй - системные заставки.

Настройки в значительной степени организованы по панели предпочтений, хотя не обязательно, что это прямо. Вам, вероятно, придется покопаться в /Library/Preferencesподпапках (особенно SystemConfiguration), чтобы найти их все.

Один из вариантов - просто скопировать соответствующие файлы и установить их на место для новых установок.

Другим способом было бы экспортировать и импортировать его по мере необходимости.

Экспорт системных настроек управления энергопотреблением (энергосбережения) в pm.plist:

defaults export /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.PowerManagement pm.plist

Импортируем эти настройки с pm.plistнового компьютера:

defaults import /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.PowerManagement sysprefs.plist

Возможно, вы даже захотите отредактировать различные экспортированные .plistфайлы, если есть определенные системные настройки, которые вы не хотите предоставлять другим компьютерам. Таким образом, вы можете иметь некоторые настройки локально, и importкоманда не будет перезаписывать их, просто добавьте те, которые вы установили в .plistфайлах. Вы также можете использовать defaultsкоманду для изменения ваших собственных .plistфайлов (но убедитесь, что вы указали полный путь к файлу, а не просто имя, или вы, возможно, изменяете свои индивидуальные предпочтения).

— drfrogsplat
источник

1

«com.apple.systempreferences» на самом деле не содержит никаких настроек для Системы. Он содержит настройки для приложения «Системные настройки». Таким образом, ни одна из фактических настроек, которые вы делаете с Системными настройками, не хранится в этом файле.

— Тони Уильямс

@TonyWilliams, верно, вы исправите это ...

— drfrogsplat

9

Автоматическое создание сценария для внесения всех необходимых изменений практически невозможно. Системные администраторы Mac проводят много часов в темных барах, выпивая пиво или бурбон и обмениваясь битами этих файлов - мы не хотим делиться всей этой работой, если вы не готовы воспользоваться вкладкой.

На самом деле самый простой способ зафиксировать изменения в конфигурации - это использовать моментальные снимки.

Возьмите копию InstallEase и сделайте снимок вашего нового Mac. Теперь выполните все необходимые настройки, и вы можете сделать еще один снимок и создать установщик, который установит измененные файлы на новый Mac.

Конечно, могут возникнуть сложности при применении изменений к новой версии операционной системы, но именно поэтому мы пьем бурбон.

— Тони Уильямс
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Есть ли хотя бы какой-нибудь список с опциями для команды "запись по умолчанию"?

— Энрико П. Варелла

Нет. Команда по умолчанию может записывать в любой файл настроек в системе, поэтому невозможно предоставить полный список.

— Тони Уильямс

Это умная идея.

— Даниэль-Джеймс W

1

InstallEase, кажется, больше не доступен

— Себастьян

У Каспера есть инструмент для создания снимков, который вы можете использовать вместо InstallEase.

— Тони Уильямс

6

В прошлый раз, когда я делал чистую переустановку, я просто скопировал всю ~/Library/Preferences/папку, и из-за этого у меня не возникло никаких проблем. Настройки для старых версий приложений и специфичные для Mac настройки следует игнорировать. В ~/Library/Preferences/новой установке почти нет файлов , и если вы удалите все файлы ~/Library/Preferences/, файлы предпочтений будут воссозданы, когда они понадобятся.

Файлы настроек для изолированных приложений теперь хранятся в папке ~/Library/Containers/, но я не знаю, приведет ли это к копированию на другой Mac.

Вы также можете просто воспользоваться Помощником по миграции .

Или, если вы идете по .osxмаршруту, вы можете изменить вывод defaults read:

Бег defaults read|awk 'length<200'>/tmp/a
Изменить некоторые настройки
Бег defaults read|awk 'length<200'>/tmp/b;diff /tmp/[ab]

Вы можете запустить sudo opensnoopили использовать fseventer, чтобы увидеть, какие файлы изменяются при изменении настроек из графического интерфейса.

— LRI
источник

3

После многих часов поиска чего-то, по крайней мере, полезного для моей проблемы, я нашел веб-сайт под названием Secrets , который предоставляет множество общих команд Mac OS «запись по умолчанию».

В любом случае, спасибо Тони и drfrogsplatless за предоставленные мне разъяснения и советы, которые были мне полезны.

(редактировать: сайт в автономном режиме, используя архивную версию)

— Энрико П. Варелла
источник

web.archive.org/web/20150322005829/http://secrets.blacktree.com ? имеет

— архивную

1

Mackup - это то, что вы ищете. https://github.com/lra/mackup/tree/master/doc

— Laurent
источник

Mackup выглядит как отличный инструмент, но он не поддерживает запись по умолчанию. Это также объясняет это лучше, чем ссылка, которую вы предоставили: github.com/lra/mackup

— ClintM

1

Вот частично законченный Apple Script, который я написал в августе 2016 года для моего Mac, и опубликованный здесь как «доказательство концепции», немного убедительно, но с этим можно поиграть:

(* Перед запуском этого скрипта вы должны сначала предоставить колготки Apple Script в Системных настройках -> Безопасность и конфиденциальность -> Специальные возможности и разрешить Apple Script контролировать компьютер. Вы можете получить преимущество, запустив скрипт, пока он не выйдет из строя. Затем остановите сценарий, перейдите в это диалоговое окно «Параметры» и установите флажок рядом с «Редактором сценариев». Затем вы можете вернуться назад, удалить все уже сделанные снимки экрана (во избежание путаницы дубликатов) и снова запустить сценарий.

Зачем тебе это нужно? Поскольку некоторые диалоговые окна предпочтений, открытые и «сфотографированные», должны быть явно закрыты щелчком мыши по кнопке «Отмена». Apple Script не может этого сделать, если у него нет прав «управлять вашим компьютером» в рамках этого префа. *)

tell application "System Preferences" to quit
delay 0.25

-- MAKE THE PREFS PICS FOLDER ON THE DESKTOP IF IT ISN'T THERE ALREADY.
-- IF IT IS THERE ALREADY, NO CHECKING IS DONE WITH REFERENCE TO WHATEVER FILES ARE IN IT.
tell application "Finder"
    if not (exists folder "Prefs Pics" of desktop) then
        make new folder with properties {name:"Prefs Pics", location:"desktop"}
    end if
end tell

tell application "System Preferences"
    activate

-- THE PREFS ARE ORDERED BELOW ALPHABETICALLY. TO HAVE THEM SAVE THAT WAY, REMOVE THE ORDER ID (oid) VARIABLE FROM THE CODE LINE SETTING EACH FILENAME. OTHERWISE THE FILENAME WILL BE SET BASED ON THE GROUP AND ICON NUMBERS (ROW AND COLUMN) AS DISPLAYED WHEN SYSTEM PREFS ARE ARRANGED BY CATEGORY.
-- GROUP 4 NO 3 APP STORE
set oid to 43
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.appstore"
-- Now that the first pref window is up, get its name and assign it to a variable
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
-- Do the same for its ID
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
-- Now wait one second and capture the window, passing the wid varialble to screencapture's -l switch and the nid variable to the filename to be used, and save the file
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"
-- note you can't be messing around with the computer until the script ends; otherwise you'll interfere and prolly capture wrong winders

-- GROUP 4 NO 7 TIME MACHINE
set oid to 47
set current pane to pane "com.apple.prefs.backup"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 3 NO 5 BLUETOOTH
set oid to 35
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.Bluetooth"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 4 NO 5 DATE & TIME
set oid to 45
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.datetime"
reveal anchor "DateTimePref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "TimeZonePref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "ClockPref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 1 NO 2 DESKTOP & SCREEN SAVER                                              -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING TO SELECT LEFT PANE IN DESKTOP TAB
set oid to 12
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.desktopscreeneffect"
-- reveal anchor "DesktopPref" of current pane
-- set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
-- set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
-- do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "ScreenSaverPref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 2 NO 1 DISPLAYS
set oid to 21
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.displays"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"
-- reveal anchor "displaysArrangementTab" of current pane                   -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING
-- reveal anchor "displaysColorTab" of current pane                         -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING
-- reveal anchor "displaysGeometryTab" of current pane                      -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING
-- reveal anchor "displaysDisplayTab"                                               -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING

-- GROUP 1 NO 3 DOCK
set oid to 13
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.dock"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 2 NO 2 ENERGY SAVER
set oid to 22
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.energysaver"
--  reveal anchor "Schedule" of current pane                                        -- NEEDS TO BE CLOSED BEFORE MOVING ON

-- GROUP 1 NO 4 MISSION CONTROL
set oid to 14
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.expose"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 3 NO 3 EXTENSIONS
set oid to 33
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.extensions"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 1 NO 1 GENERAL
set oid to 11
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.general"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 3 NO 1 ICLOUD  
-- set oid to 31
-- set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.icloud"                  -- THIS PREFERENCE WAS NOT COPIED

-- GROUP 3 NO 2 INTERNET ACCOUNTS
-- set oid to 32
-- set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.internetaccounts"        -- THIS PREFERENCE WAS NOT COPIED

-- GROUP 2 NO 3 KEYBOARD
set oid to 23
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.keyboard" -- NEEDS TROUBLESHOOTING
reveal anchor "keyboardTab" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Text" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "shortcutsTab" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "InputSources" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "keyboardTab_ModifierKeys" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

tell application "System Events" to tell process "System Preferences"
    click button "Cancel" of sheet 1 of window "Keyboard"
end tell

-- GROUP 1 NO 5 LANGUAGE & REGTION
set oid to 15
set current pane to pane "com.apple.Localization"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Region" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Language" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 2 NO 4 MOUSE
set oid to 14
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.mouse"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 3 NO 4 NETWORK
--  set oid to 34
--  set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.network"

-- GROUP 1 NO 8 NOTIFICATIONS
-- set oid to 18
-- set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.notifications"

-- GROUP 4 NO 2 PARENTAL CONTROLS
-- set oid to 42
--  set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.parentalcontrols"

-- GROUP 2 NO 6 PRINTERS & SCANNERS
--  set oid to 26   
--  set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.printfax"
-- reveal anchor "fax" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "share" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "print" of current pane
-- reveal anchor "scan" of current pane

-- GROUP 1 NO 6 SECURITY & PRIVACY
set oid to 16
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.security"
reveal anchor "General" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "FDE" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Firewall" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_LocationServices" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Contacts" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Calendars" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Reminders" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Facebook" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Accessibility" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Privacy_Diagnostics" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"
--  reveal anchor "Privacy_Twitter" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "Privacy_Weibo" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "Privacy_TencentWeibo"
--  reveal anchor "Privacy_Assistive" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "Privacy_LinkedIn" of current pane
--  reveal anchor "Advanced" of current pane

-- GROUP 3 NO 6 SHARING
set oid to 36
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.sharing"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 2 NO 7 SOUND
set oid to 27
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.sound"
reveal anchor "effects" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "output" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "input" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 4 NO 4 DICTATION & SPEECH
set oid to 44
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.speech"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "TTS" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Dictation" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 1 NO 7 SPOTLIGHT
set oid to 17
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.spotlight"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "privacy" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "searchResults" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 4 NO 6 STARTUP DISK
set oid to 46
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.startupdisk"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 2 NO 5 TRACKPAD
set oid to 25
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.trackpad"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 4 NO 1 USERS & GROUPS
set oid to 41
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preferences.users"
reveal anchor "passwordPref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "startupItemsPref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "loginOptionsPref" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

--  reveal anchor "mobilityPref" of current pane
--  set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
--  set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
--  do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

-- GROUP 4 NO 8 ACCESSIBILITY
set oid to 48
set current pane to pane "com.apple.preference.universalaccess"
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Seeing_VoiceOver" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Switch" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Keyboard" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Seeing_Display" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Hearing" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Seeing_Zoom" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "SpeakableItems" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Media_Descriptions" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Mouse" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"

reveal anchor "Captioning" of current pane
set nid to (get name of first window whose visible is true)
set wid to (get id of first window whose visible is true)
do shell script "screencapture -T1 -l" & wid & " ~/Desktop/Prefs\\ Pics/" & oid & "\\ " & quoted form of (nid) & "\\ " & "$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S).png"
end tell
tell application "System Preferences" to quit


-- HELPERS FOR THE HOMEWORK THAT NEEDED TO BE DONE BEFORE THE SCRIPT COULD BE WROTEN
-- GET ALL PANE ID'S
-- tell application "System Events"
-- tell application "System Preferences"
-- get the id of every pane
-- end tell
-- end tell


-- GET ALL PANE NAMES
-- tell application "System Preferences"
-- name of panes
-- end tell


-- GET THE ANCHOR NAME FOR A PARTICULAR PANE
-- tell application "System Preferences"
-- activate
-- get the name of every anchor of pane id "com.apple.preferences.users"
-- end tell

— Стив
источник